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Womens Liberation In the 1960s

The 1960s was a major turning point for American culture. It was the first time in history that a widespread number young people, African Americans, and women realized they could stand up and fight for what they believe in. The women's rights movement greatly improved women's basic rights and rights in the workplace, and redefined traditional household roles.

Before the 1960s, women couldn't be mothers and have a social life. This changed when women started going to women's groups and having careers. Feminists and women's lib supporters also tried to get rid of society's obsession with physical beauty and viewing women as sex objects. Another huge issue for women during the 1960s were "reproductive rights." Women wanted abortion to be legal and birth control to be available to anyone who wanted it. Secret abortion clinics started popping up all across America, and the movement gained some ground when the FDA approved birth control pills and made them available to be put on the market. In 1961 President Kennedy and Eleanor Roosevelt made the President's Commission on the Status of Women, and the Equal Pay Act was also passed. Even still, "as stated by Estelle Carol, 'In the 1960s, there were no women bus drivers, welders, firefighters, news anchors, CEOS or Supreme Court Justices. Women professors, doctors, scientists or lawyers were rare'"(Sawhney). 

Sawhney, Vintee. "The Women's Liberation Movement of the 1960s." UIC. The CWLU History Website, n.d. Web. 22 May 2014. 
Walsh, Kenneth. "The 1960s: A Decade of Change For Women." US News, March 12 2010. Web. 22 May 2014.
"The Women's Movement: Liberated At Last?" PBS. The Sixties, 2005. Web. 22 May 2014.

Environmental Assignment

 The film 'A Fierce Green Fire" is about the beginning of the environmental movement and how it affects our lives today. The start of Green Peace was shown, and there were clips of the original members trying to stop Japanese whalers. The Love Canal incident was shown also. There is a lot more the world should be doing to help make the world more eco-friendly.

Solar power is the technology that converts sunlight into energy. It is harnessed using solar panels, which can be used in rural or urban areas. Your roof has to be at a certain angle to put solar panels on your house, and it's very expensive. "Right now, solar power still has some difficulty competing with the utilities, but costs are coming down as research improves the technology" (Toothman).

AE Solar Power. "Solar Power." n.d.
Toothman, Jessika, and Scott Aldous.  "How Solar Cells Work"  01 April 2000. 
"Watch Film: A Fierce Green Fire." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.

 The Great Depression was the worst economic period in our nations history. There are many causes, and all the factors culminated and made a bad situation for the United States.
II Causes 

The causes of the great depression were overspeculation, overproduction, and uneven prosperity.

A Overspeculation: When people were buying stock and products with money they didn't have. It was a big factor in the Depression because when the stock market crashed and banks closed, people didn't have money to pay off their purchases so companies went out of business as a result. 

B Govt Policy

C Unstable Economy: Because of overspeculation and uneven prosperity, the economy couldn't recover quickly and instead the economy got steadily worse.

1 uneven prosperity: The distribution of wealth was really uneven; either people were poor or people were rich. This was a problem because poor people got even poorer when the depression hit and no one could stimulate the economy.

2 overproduction: After world war one, farmers were used to producing a lot of food to support Europe as well as the United States, but when Europe started to recover and didn't need Americas help anymore, the farmers kept making the same amount of food, which led to overproduction. The surplus of food meant that farmers were losing money, which made the economy even worse. 

3 worker issues / farm issues: Workers were losing money and being underpaid, which made them not want to work, so there were strikes and walk-outs. The Dust Bowl hit the Midwest which made it impossible for farmers to continue working their land.

III Effects

The effects of the depression were bank closures, a poverty-stricken middle class, and a much more involved federal government.

A Poverty: Most Americans were starving and penniless; houses were foreclosed on and people lost their jobs. this didn't help the economy at all because people weren't able to spend money on anything and stimulate the economy.

B Society: After the prosperity of the 20s, Americans in the 30s were cynical and jaded. Too many people were homeless and jobless and it was probably hard to trust the government in the beginning, but the federal programs like the WPA also helped society and the country.

C World

IV Solutions

Solutions to the depression were varied; Hoover wanted as little direct relief as possible and didn't do much to help the economy, while Roosevelt wanted increased federal involvement and a lot of government programs. 

A Hoover: Hoover was timid and didn't do much to help the economy recover.

1 Volunteerism: He wanted people to volunteer and for the states to give out relief rather than the federal government to do so.

2 Public Works: He did increase public works, but the government couldn't raise taxes so they had to run a deficit, and Hoover didn't like doing that. He feared that deficit spending would delay an economic recovery.

3 Hawley Smoot: A tariff that raised the tariff rate to the highest level ever before. It was supposed to protect American goods, but it hurt the economy because foreign countries stopped buying goods from the United States.

4 RFC: The Reconstruction Finance Corporation made loans to banks, railroads, and farms, but the RFC was too cautious and didn't do enough to help jump start the economy.

B Roosevelt: Franklin Delano Roosevelt won the presidency in 1932 and was well-known for his plan to help the economy recover, called the "New Deal."

1 new deal: The New Deal was composed of 15 acts all passed within 100 days of Roosevelt's Inauguration. The New Deal helped the economy more than anything Hoover had done in the past.
The Great Depression was fixed largely because of the start of World War Two, when Americans had to start making products for Europe and men were sent off to war. Hopefully the United States will never be in such a bad economic situation again. 

Nancy Wake

Nancy Wake was a French spy, nicknamed "The White Mouse" for her ability to escape capture, who saved hundreds of Allied solders lives during World War Two. She was born August 12th, 1912 in New Zealand. Her father was a journalist and left their family when she was young. She found work as a nurse for a short time, but soon lost interest in that and became a free-lance journalist in Paris. In the 1930s, she visited Vienna as a journalist and witnessed Nazi gangs beating Jewish people and looting Jewish storefronts.  It was then that she vowed to do anything she could to stop the Nazis from gaining power. She said, “My hatred of the Nazis was very, very deep.” In 1939 she married Henri Fiocca and began escorting Allied soldiers out of France.

In 1943 the Nazi party became aware of her and her husbands criminal activities, so she left France. Her husband, however, decided to stay and was arrested and executed. She joined the British Special Operations Executive and was one of the 39 women who were parachuted into France to prepare for D-Day. She helped create lines of communication between the British forces and the French during the 1944 French Resistance, which was essential for Allied success. Wake was not fond of killing, but when necessary she did what she felt she had to do for the good of her country. She has said that she killed Nazis with her bare hands.



After the war, she was recognized with many awards and was hailed as a hero. She is the most decorated woman who served in World War Two. In 1957 she married for a second time to a retired pilot named John Forward; he died in 1997. Wake died in London at the age of 98 on August 8th, 2011. ‘To be a young woman behind enemy lines, doing what she did, having the courage of her convictions, it’s not something that most people could do. What she did was remarkable,’’ said RSL national president Rear Admiral Ken Doolan.









http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/14/world/europe/14wake.html?_r=0
http://www.smh.com.au/national/white-mouse-nancy-wake-dies-20110808-1ii2u.html

Harlem Renaissance

After the Civil War ended in 1865, African Americans had more freedom and opportunities for success, but the South was still an oppressive environment for blacks because white Americans were prejudiced and tried to limit equality and opportunities for former slaves and descendants of slaves. Because of this, millions of African Americans migrated to the Northern area of the United States, especially New York City, and this was called the “Great Migration”. Racism was still an issue, but it was easier to find jobs in the North because of World War 1, and the offered education was better. Harlem was an area of New York that was soon the heart of African American culture in the 1920s.

WEB Du Bois was a civil rights activist and the first black man to graduate from Harvard University. He was a co-founder of NAACP, lived in Harlem during the Harlem Renaissance and wrote 21 books about equality, art and religion. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was originally formed to abolish lynching and stop race riots. Membership drew to 90,000 people by 1919 and was the leading advocacy group for African Americans at the time.

In 1924, Charles Johnson held a Civic Club party to promote a book a black woman wrote about her life as a middle-class African American, and it became a regular event to connect black artists and intellectuals with wealthy white people who were willing to sponsor them. A magazine called The New Negro was published about Harlem and featured black artists and writers who lived there. This influenced the culture in Harlem and allowed members of the community to become more informed about the great movement for their race. A popular speakeasy in the twenties in Harlem was called the Cotton Club, and only black artists performed there, which made it a desirable destination for successful white musicians like Bing Crosby and Cole Porter. Many of the most famous Jazz performers in Harlem got started by playing at the Cotton Club.

The Harlem Renaissance came to an end with the Great Depression, because many blacks got laid off and were forced out of Harlem for economic reasons and renewed racial tension. However, while it did last, the Harlem Renaissance was the first time in history African American culture was able to flourish and influence the culture of our society as a whole.

Sources:
Biography.com
W.E.B. DuBois